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Manufacturing Formulas

Panel optimisation, machining and yield equations.

CNC Feed Calculator

CNC Feed Calculator
Feed rate (mm/min) = RPM x Number of flutes x Chip load
CNC Feed Calculator
Surface speed (m/min) = pi x Tool diameter x RPM / 1000
CNC Feed Calculator
Material removal rate = Feed x Depth of cut x Tool dia / 1000
CNC Feed Calculator
Chip load = Feed rate / (RPM x flutes) [to verify]
CNC Feed Calculator
Feed in IPM = Feed mm/min / 25.4 (imperial machines)

Kerf Loss Calculator

Kerf Loss Calculator
Kerf loss per sheet = Number of cuts x Kerf width
Kerf Loss Calculator
Loss percentage = (Kerf loss / Cut length) x 100
Kerf Loss Calculator
Effective usable length = Cut length - Total kerf loss
Kerf Loss Calculator
Total loss = Loss per sheet x Number of sheets

MDF Weight Calculator

MDF Weight Calculator
Volume (m3) = (L/1000) x (W/1000) x (T/1000)
MDF Weight Calculator
Weight (kg) = Volume x Density
MDF Weight Calculator
Weight per m2 = (Thickness/1000) x Density
MDF Weight Calculator
Total weight = Weight per panel x Quantity
MDF Weight Calculator
MDF ~750, Particle ~650, Plywood ~680, HDF ~900 kg/m3

Hardware Position Tool

Hinge spacing
top + bottom inset fixed, middle hinges evenly spaced
Hardware Position Tool
Middle hinge gap = (span between end hinges) / (hinges - 1)
35mm hinge cup
22mm edge inset is standard
System 32
holes at 32mm pitch, 5mm diameter
System 32 front row
typically 37mm from front edge

Bending Radius Calculator

Bending Radius Calculator
Minimum radius = ratio x thickness
Bending Radius Calculator
Bent lamination ~ 2x thickness | Steam ~ 10x | Plywood ~ 12x
Bending Radius Calculator
Solid cold bend ~ 50x thickness (very limited)
Bending Radius Calculator
Lamination ply thickness ~ radius / 50
Bending Radius Calculator
Kerf count = (arc length) / kerf spacing

Nesting Efficiency Calculator

Nesting Efficiency Calculator
Usable area = (Sheet_L - 2xtrim) x (Sheet_W - 2xtrim)
Nesting Efficiency Calculator
Grid parts/sheet = floor fits in length x width (best orientation)
Nesting Efficiency Calculator
Theoretical max = floor(Usable area / Part area)
Nesting Efficiency Calculator
Material efficiency % = (Part area x Qty) / (Sheet area x Sheets) x 100
Nesting Efficiency Calculator
Waste % = 100 - Material efficiency

Veneer Matching Tool

Veneer Matching Tool
Effective leaf = leaf dimension - join overlap/trim
Veneer Matching Tool
Leaves across = ceil(Panel width / Effective leaf width)
Veneer Matching Tool
Leaves down = ceil(Panel height / Effective leaf height)
Veneer Matching Tool
Total leaves = across x down (from one flitch, in sequence)
Book
mirror | Slip: repeat | Quarter/Diamond: 4-leaf centre

Veneer Layup Tool

Veneer Layup Tool
Total thickness = face + back + core + (cross-bands x N) + glue lines
Veneer Layup Tool
Glue lines = 2 + number of cross-bands
Veneer Layup Tool
Total plies = face + back + core + cross-bands
Balanced if
face thickness = back thickness (same species)
Symmetric if
total ply count is odd, mirrored about core

Panel Optimizer

Panel Optimizer
Parts across length = floor((Sheet_L + kerf) / (Part_L + kerf))
Panel Optimizer
Parts across width = floor((Sheet_W + kerf) / (Part_W + kerf))
Panel Optimizer
Parts per sheet = parts_L x parts_W (best of both orientations)
Panel Optimizer
Sheets needed = ceil(Quantity / Parts_per_sheet)
Panel Optimizer
Yield % = (used part area) / (total sheet area) x 100

Edge Band Calculator

4 edges
band = 2 x (Length + Width)
3 edges
band = 2 x Length + Width
2 edges
band = Length + Width
Edge Band Calculator
Total = band per panel x quantity x (1 + waste%)
Edge Band Calculator
Rolls = ceil(Total metres / Roll length)